4.1 History of Novel 

(1) Match the columns.
Ans:

A	Answer	B
(a) MurasakiShikibu	Tale of Genji	(1) Cervantes
(b) Novella	New	(2)Bankimchandra   Chattopadhyaya
(c) Don Quixote	Cervantes	(3) Tale of Genji
(d)Rajmohan’s Wife	Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay	(4) New

(2) Pick out the odd element from the group.
 
1) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar.

Ans: Graham Greene.

ii) Place, period, theme, climate, lifestyle.

Ans: Theme

iii) Theme, plot, character, novel

And: Novella

(3) Complete the following statements.

i) The two types of conflicts that the plot may have are internal or external conflict.

ii) The picaresque is originated from the spanish word picaro

iii) The epistolary novels presents the narrative through a series of correspondence or other documents.

iv) In the eighteenth century middle class could get time for reading and discussing the novel because of the spread of machines.

(4) Write short notes on :

(i) Style of novel :

                    The language and techniques used by the author for the narration of the course of events is known as the style.  An author can use extensive vocabulary and high phrases or he may be laconic and woul write only to the point or he may mix both according to the requirement for meeting his purpose. He may use linguistic devices to make the narrative effective. All these factors decide the texture of the narration and crate an impact on the readers.

(ii) Stream of consciousness novel :

                       Stream of consciousness is a phrase coined by William James in his treaties Principles of Psychology' (1980). It means the flow of the thoughts. Incidents in the plot are in the sequence of their occurrences. The novelist narrates then as they enter the mind of character.

(iii) Novella :

                    A Novella, the word originated from the Italian word novelle' is a type of prose fiction which is shorter than a full length novel and longer than short stories. It is a well structured yet short narrative, often satiric or realistic in tone It usually focus on one incident or issue with one or two main characters and takes place at a single tradition.

(iv) Indian tradition of novels :

                                       Rajmohan's Wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first novel in English written by an Indian. After that the novels having nationalistic virtues or social issues emerged. Mulk Raj Anand, RK Narayan and Raja Rao produces an influential material after that. Anita Desai, Nayantara sehgal Arun joshi and Manohar Malgonkar change the current of Indian English novel.Amitav Ghosh ,Vikram Seth, and Upmanyu Chatterjee ameliorated the Indian novels in English by adding new features to it. Salman Rushdie, Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Kiran Nagarkar gives dazzling performance. The tradition of Indian English novel has undergone a vital change since it's birth and it has undoubtedly very bright future.